Original Article
Metabolic inflammatory syndrome: a novel concept of holistic integrative medicine for management of metabolic diseases
Abstract
Background: The clinical value of the clustering of metabolic diseases linked by the common pathogenesis of metabolic inflammation has not been clarified.
Methods: We named the cluster of metabolic inflammatory diseases as ‘metabolic inflammatory syndrome (MIS)’ and included atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obesity/overweight as its components. We studied the participants with T2D from six medical centers in China (4,711 participants). MIS, metabolic syndrome (MS) defined by Chinese Diabetes Society and coronary heart disease (CHD) were assessed according to records from the medical centers. We calculated the detective rate of MIS and analyzed its risk for CHD by binary logistic analysis, comparing with MetS.
Results: In the participants with T2D, MIS had a detective rate of 96.2%, more highly than MIS (57.0%). MIS components had high detective rates (atherosclerosis: 80.9%, NAFLD: 57.3%, obesity/overweight: 61.7%), compared with MetS components (hypertension: 64.4%, dyslipidemia: 38.2%). MIS had a greater odds ratio to predict CHD than MS [MIS: odds ratio, 4.71; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.31 to 9.62; P<0.001; MS: odds ratio, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.38 to 1.88; P<0.001]. After adjustment for age, duration of T2D, HbA1c and smoking, MIS also had a greater odds ratio than MS (MIS: odds ratio, 3.35; 95% CI, 1.62 to 6.93; P<0.001; MS: odds ratio, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.59; P<0.001). Among all the components of MIS and MetS, atherosclerosis had the greatest odds ratio before and after adjustment (no adjustment: odds ratio, 3.58; 95% CI, 2.72 to 4.70; P<0.001; after adjustment: odds ratio, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.65 to 2.97; P<0.001).
Conclusions: MIS had a high detective rate and appeared to be an independent risk factor of CHD. Therefore, this concept might be used for screening, prevention and researches for metabolic diseases at their early stages. A person who has one of the MIS components, especially atherosclerosis, should screened for the other MIS components, for their high detective rates and the relationship between meta-inflammation and them which was like the melons on one vine.
Methods: We named the cluster of metabolic inflammatory diseases as ‘metabolic inflammatory syndrome (MIS)’ and included atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obesity/overweight as its components. We studied the participants with T2D from six medical centers in China (4,711 participants). MIS, metabolic syndrome (MS) defined by Chinese Diabetes Society and coronary heart disease (CHD) were assessed according to records from the medical centers. We calculated the detective rate of MIS and analyzed its risk for CHD by binary logistic analysis, comparing with MetS.
Results: In the participants with T2D, MIS had a detective rate of 96.2%, more highly than MIS (57.0%). MIS components had high detective rates (atherosclerosis: 80.9%, NAFLD: 57.3%, obesity/overweight: 61.7%), compared with MetS components (hypertension: 64.4%, dyslipidemia: 38.2%). MIS had a greater odds ratio to predict CHD than MS [MIS: odds ratio, 4.71; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.31 to 9.62; P<0.001; MS: odds ratio, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.38 to 1.88; P<0.001]. After adjustment for age, duration of T2D, HbA1c and smoking, MIS also had a greater odds ratio than MS (MIS: odds ratio, 3.35; 95% CI, 1.62 to 6.93; P<0.001; MS: odds ratio, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.59; P<0.001). Among all the components of MIS and MetS, atherosclerosis had the greatest odds ratio before and after adjustment (no adjustment: odds ratio, 3.58; 95% CI, 2.72 to 4.70; P<0.001; after adjustment: odds ratio, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.65 to 2.97; P<0.001).
Conclusions: MIS had a high detective rate and appeared to be an independent risk factor of CHD. Therefore, this concept might be used for screening, prevention and researches for metabolic diseases at their early stages. A person who has one of the MIS components, especially atherosclerosis, should screened for the other MIS components, for their high detective rates and the relationship between meta-inflammation and them which was like the melons on one vine.
